ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To standardize the number of nodules which necessitates ultrasound-guided, fine-needle, aspiration biopsy in patients who have multiple thyroid nodules with the same sonographic characteristics as each other. MATERIALS and METHODS: From February, 2002 to March, 2004, among patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasound-guided, fine-needle, aspiration biopsy, 545 nodules of 203 patients were found in sonography with more than two thyroid nodules. Each thyroid gland nodule was classified on a score from 0 to 2 points on the basis of the following 5 characteristics: internal content, margin, echogenicity, shape and calcification in sonography. When the score of all characteristics was the same, by deciding on nodules with the same sonographic char-acteristics and with the score of at least one characteristic being different, we divided the nodules with different sonographic characteristics in a patient. By methods such as given in the preceding descriptions, patients with multiple thyroid nodules were separated into two groups: one in which all nodules had the same sonographic characteristics and another in which nodules have at least one different sonographic characteristic. Then, each pathologic result was searched for the same case and different case in each patient group. RESULTS: Among the 203 patients who were diagnosed with multiple thyroid nodules in ultrasonography, 79 patients (38.9%) had nodules with the same ultrasonographic characteristics and 124 patients (61.1%) had nodules with at least one different ultrasonographic characteristic. All 79 patients' nodules with the same ultrasono-graphic characteristics in each patient showed the same pathologic result in all cases (100.0%) and there was no case showing a different pathologic result. Otherwise, among the 124 patients' nodules with different ultrasono-graphic characteristics, each patient showed the same pathologic result in 111 (89.5%) and different pathologic result in 13 (10.5%). CONCLUSION: In patients who have multiple thyroid nodules, if a patient's nodules have the same sonographic characteristics, we can perform ultrasound-guided, fine-needle, aspiration biopsy about only one nodule and if a patient's nodules have different sonographic characteristics from each other, we must perform the biopsy for all nodules.
Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Biopsy, Needle , Diagnosis , Thyroid Gland , Thyroid Nodule , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a new middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rabbits using a less invasive, endovascular interventional technique. The new animal model's technical feasibility and its success in producing lesions was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rabbits were used to develop the MCAO models using a transfemoral catheter-based technique. After catheterization of the common carotid artery, a microcatheter was introduced coaxially through the catheter to cannulate the internal carotid artery and to embolize the MCA with polyvinyl alcohol particles. We evaluated how successful we were in selecting the vessels, catheterization, embolization, and also evaluated how many of the animals survived until the end of experiment. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) were performed in one-hour intervals to monitor the ischemic lesion for a total of six hours following successful occlusion of the target artery. The relative volume of the lesion was calculated as a hemispheric lesion volume (HLV, %). The signals of the lesion and contralateral normal brain (control) were measured in each image at every time point. Lesion-to-control signal-intensity ratio (SIR) of DWI, and T2WI were obtained together with relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC). RESULTS: Catheterization and embolization of the internal carotid artery were successful in all 10 rabbits, which showed relevant lesions on MRI. All rabbits survived until the end of the experiment. The HLV (mean+/-standard deviation) was 35.7+/-14.6%. The relative ADC was 0.80+/-0.13. The lesion signals on DWI and T2WI showed a gradual increase as time passed, while the ADC value of the lesion gradually decreased (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The rabbit MCAO model using an endovascular interventional technique is technically feasible, and provides a reproducible lesion in the target arterial territory. MRI successfully revealed a typical finding of acute cerebral infarction. This model is also believed to be suitable for the MRI investigation of acute cerebral ischemia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Arteries , Brain , Brain Infarction , Brain Ischemia , Carotid Artery, Common , Carotid Artery, Internal , Catheterization , Catheters , Cerebral Infarction , Diffusion , Endovascular Procedures , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Cerebral Artery , Models, Animal , Polyvinyl AlcoholABSTRACT
Acute encephalopathy with thalamotegmental involvement occurs in infants and young children and is thought to be a postviral or postinfectious brain disease. This disease is preceded for several days by fever and symptoms of upper respiratory infection. The symptoms are followed by the rapid evolution of stupor and coma, associated with generalized seizures and decerebrate rigidity. In this disease, the computed tomography (CT) or brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate symmetrical focal lesions in the thalami and brainstem tegmentum. We report two cases of acute encephalopathy with thalamotegmental involvement and remaining motor dysfunction in infants.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Infant , Brain , Brain Diseases , Brain Stem , Coma , Decerebrate State , Fever , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Seizures , StuporABSTRACT
Routine chest radiography in a 21-year-old man revealed the presence of an asymptomatic mass at the right lower lung field. Chest radiographs showed multiple cysts with air-fluid level and air-meniscus within the consolidation at the right lower lung field. Chest CT scans demonstrated a non-enhancing solid mass, with air-meniscus, within a thin walled cavity, and multiple cysts with fluid or air-fluid level at the posterior portion of the right lower lobe. An abnormal artery was seen at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. Thoracic aortography revealed a feeding artery arising from the descending thoracic aorta and supplying the parenchymal lesion. We report the typical radiologic findings of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with aspergilloma, a condition confirmed by surgery and the pathologic findings.
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Aorta, Thoracic , Aortography , Arteries , Bronchopulmonary Sequestration , Lung , Radiography , Radiography, Thoracic , Spine , Thorax , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT findings and incidence of complications occurring in intrathoracic extrapul-monary organs due to radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 82 patients who underwent chest CT before and after radiation therapy, 23, in whom the procedure provided no evidence of pericardial invasion or pleural effusion before radiation therapy, nor of significant improvement in the tumor after this therapy, were evaulated. Changes in the pericardium, pleura and mediastinal fat were retrospectively assessed. In comparing the CT findings obtained before radiation therapy with those obtained afterwards, changes in the pericardium and pleura were classified as effusion where low density fluid was present and as thickening where there was no fluid. If an increased abundance of soft tissue strands was seen within mediastinal fat, changes in this fat were deemed to have occurred. RESULTS: Among the 23 patients evaluated, changes in the pericardium [thickening (n=3 ; 13.0%) ; effusion (n=8 ; 34.8%)] were found in 11 patients (47.8%), and changes in the pleura [thickening (n=3 ; 13.1%); effusion (n=9 ; 39.1%)] in 12 (52.2%). In no patient with pericardial or pleural effusion was thickening or contrast enhancement of the pericardium or pleura evident. In seven cases(30.4%), soft tissue strands within mediastinal fat had become more abundant. CONCLUSION: The CT findings which demonstrated complications resulting from radiation therapy were pericardial or pleural thickening or effusion and an increased abundance of soft tissue strands within mediastinal fat. In contrast to previous reports, pericardial and pleural change after radiation therapy was a common finding in our study, occurring in 69.6% of cases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esophageal Neoplasms , Incidence , Lung , Pericardium , Pleura , Pleural Effusion , Radiation Oncology , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease that develops from a urachal remnant or occurs in association with pelvic surgery. Because it manifests as an infiltrative tumor-like lesion arising from the mid-line along the bladder dome and anterior abdominal wall, it is not easy to differentiate from The authors encountered one case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis, diagnosed by means of surgery and pathologic examination, and we report the related ultrasonographic and CT findings.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Wall , Cystitis , Urinary BladderABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Many autopsy studies have shown that the extent of extracranial carotid and coronary artherosclerosis is correlated and B-mode ultrasonographic intima-media thickness(IMT) and histologic IMT have been good correlation. In recent years. as it has been reported that IMT of carotid artery had something to do with risk factors of atherosclerosis and occurrence of coronary artery disease, in this study, we tried to investigate if the grade of atherosclerosis in B-mode ultrasonography of carotid artery could predict coronary artery disease and have something to do with the severity of coronary artery disease. METHODS: We classified the patients who were examined coronary angiography into control group without significant(>50%) stenosis(11 patients) and coronary artery disease(CAD) group(45 patients) according to the existence of significant stenosis, and we subdivided CAD group into single vessel disease(SVD) group(25 patients) and multivessel disease(MVD) group(20 patients). Practicing B-mode ultrasonography of common carotid artery(CCA), carotid artery bifurcation(BIF) and internal carotid artery(ICA), we measured IMT and IMT/L(lumen diameter) of each segment. Adding all values of each segment, we got mean aggregated IMT and mean aggregated IMT/L. RESULTS: 1) As IMT of left BIF in both six segments, control group was 0.55+/-0.16mm, SVD group was 0.71+/-0.36mm and MVD group was 1.02+/-0.61mm. So compared with control group and SVD, MVD group were significantly thick. As IMT/L, control group was 0.07+/-0.02, SVD group 0.08+/-0.05 and MVD group was 0.13+/-0.08. So compared with control group and SVD, MVD group was ignificantly high. 2)IMT of BIF in three segments, control group was 0.59+/-0.16mm, CAD group was 0.82+/-0.47mm and MVD group was 0.90+/-0.54mm. So compared with control group and CAD, MVD group were significantly thick. Also as IMT/L of BIF, compared with control group(0.07+/-0.02) and CAD(0.10+/-0.06), MVD(0.11+/-0.07) group was high.= 3) As mean aggregated IMT, control group was 0.57+/-0.34mm, CAD group was 0.69+/-0.45mm, SVD group was 0.63+/-0.12mm and MVD group was 0.74+/-0.21mm. So CAD group was thicker than control group and MVD group was thicker than SVD group. As mean aggregated IMT/L, control group was 0.07+/-0.03, CAD group was 0.10+/-0.05, SVD group was 0.09+/-0.01 and MVD group was 0.11+/-0.03. So CAD group was higher than control group and MVD group was higher than SVD group. CONCLUSION: These data support use of the mean aggregated B-mode ultrasonographic IMT and IMT/L in carotid bifurcation for correlation with the status of coronary atherosclerosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Atherosclerosis , Autopsy , Carotid Arteries , Constriction, Pathologic , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Disease , Coronary Vessels , Risk Factors , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Chorionic Gonadotropin , Pregnancy, Ectopic , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Coculture Techniques , Embryonic StructuresABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Pregnancy , Embryonic Development , Embryonic Structures , EndometriosisABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Tubal , Pregnancy, Twin , Salpingectomy , TwinsABSTRACT
No abstract available.